To investigate the effect of fertilizers on calcareous soils of experimental field research was conducted in Meshkin-shahr to study the effects of different rates of nitrogen (143, 214 & 285 kg N ha-1) and potassium (0, 57 & 114 kg K2O ha-1) fertilization on yield, quality and nutrient contents of sugar beet grown on sandy calcareous soil. In this split plot design, the main plots were assigned to levels of N fertilizer and K levels were arranged to random as the sub-plots. The results showed that increasing N and K rates significantly increased root and foliage fresh and dry weight and sugar yield (ton ha-1) of sugar beet plants. Adding the highest level of K (114 kg K2O ha-1) under different rates of N significantly increased sucrose contents, recoverable sugar yield (ton ha-1) and some quality traits. Adding the highest level of N (285 kg N ha-1) under different rates of K significantly increased sugar loss (ton ha-1) and increased content and uptake of N and K in both root and foliage of sugar beet over two seasons. Increasing N level up to 285 kg N ha-1 (under 0.0 kg K2O ha-1) significantly increased impurities (Na, K & α-amino-N) and sugar loss percentage. In crux, N fertilizer at a level of 285 kg N/fed accompanied with 114 kg K2O ha-1 were the most effective in improving yield, quality and nutritional status of sugar beet grown in a sandy calcareous soil.

The drought tolerance of soybean cultivars viz., Shirale, Oscar, Con-II, Rainbow and 19H was investigated after exposure to drought stress at various growth stages in a pot experiment. Water stress was imposed at flowering and pod filling growth stages. Data of various physiological (leaf chlorophyll a & b, proline and protein contents) and agronomic attributes (number of pods/plant, seeds/pods, grain yield/plant) was recorded. The data revealed significant differences mong the various soybean genotypes for leaf chlorophyll a, b and proline accumulation. The chlorophyll a & b content of all the Napus genotypes declined due to drought stress at both the growth stages. Genotypes Rainbow showed least reduction (12%) in chlorophyll content during the flower initiation and pod filling stage. There were significant increases in osmosis-regulating substance proline under water stress. Rainbow accumulated highest proline. Drought treatment at different growth stages reduced grain yield significantly. Greater reduction in grain yield was observed when stress was imposed at flowering. Average yield was found greater in Rainbow and least in Oscar. The better osmoregulation ability under drought stress conditions proves Rainbow as drought tolerant cultivar. The findings of present research investigation suggested for growing of Rainbow in the areas of water scarcity to obtain economic yield.

Enhancing plant growth with some antioxidants and/or microelements is very crucial for many crops i.e., pea plants. So that, this experiment was conducted to study the effect of ascorbic acid (AA), cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and their combinations on growth, yield and yield components along with the protein content of three cultivars of pea under the Middle Egypt growing conditions. Results revealed that the three cultivars varied in their horticultural characteristics and in their response to the applied treatments. Seeds dipped in the combination of AA (2mg/L)+ CoCl2 (150ppm/L) treatment gave plants which showed most of the desirable horticultural characteristics and high values of N and protein contents comparing to the other treatments and the non-treated seeds. Furthermore, the interaction between cultivars and treatments had significant effects on most of the studied parameters. This study may be very beneficial for pea growing farmers especially for organic cultivations under the experiment growing conditions and similar conditions.

Considering that salinity and drought stress are the most important environmental stresses. In this study, the physiological effects of these stresses were studied in levels 0, -3, -6 and -9 bar with sodium chloride (NaCl) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars (Cross Sabalan and Gascogne). Germination percent, germination rate, length ratio of root to shoot (R / S) and seedling fresh weight measured in this experiment. The aim of this study was to investigate genetic differences in wheat varieties under salinity and drought stress and also determining the sensitivity of the germination components and its seedling growth. Results indicated that there was significant difference between wheat different genotypes in terms of the sensitivity to salinity and drought stress, wheat germination was not affected by drought, but the germination percent of Cross Sabalan and Gascogne decreased respectively to 69 and 33 percent under salinity stress. The maximum germination rate was observed on the wheat’s Gascogne seeds under stress. Drought stress had a significant effect on the ratio R / S, but there was no significant effect of salinity on this character. The greatest increase was devoted to "Cross Sabalan" in the drought conditions. Gascogne had the highest seedling fresh weight in different levels of salinity and drought.

Copper is one of the Heavy metals that it is so toxic for both humans and animals. This study was carried out to find the effects of sub lethal concentrations of Copper sulfate on Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) juveniles. Fish were exposed to concentrations of LC50 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h of Copper sulfate for four days. Then behavioral changes and histopathological alternations of liver were studied. Hyperactivity, swimming sideways, lack of balance and increase in rate of swimming and opercula activity in treatment groups were seen. Liver showed increase in sinusoidal space, hepatocytes necrosis and degeneration, hypertrophy and intercellular oedema, hepatocytes atrophy. Also hemorrhage dilation, dilation of sinusoid, hydropic swelling and lipidosis were seen in liver. The results showed that sub lethal toxicity of Copper sulfate severely affects the vital organs and normal behavior. No behavioral complications were observed in the control group and liver tissue was normal. The severities of liver symptoms were different between treatment groups andwere dose-related lesions in the liver of Roach exposed to Cuso4. Therefore the Usage of the Copper sulfate might be dangerous and mortal for fish healthy.